1. Yintoni isithinteli sokuvuza?
Impendulo: Isikhuselo sokuvuza (iswitshi yokukhusela ukuvuza) sisixhobo sokhuseleko lombane. Isikhuselo sokuvuza sifakwa kwisekethe ye-voltage ephantsi. Xa ukuvuza kunye nomothuko wombane kwenzeka, kwaye ixabiso langoku lokusebenza elilinganiselweyo ngumkhuseli lifikelelwe, liya kusebenza ngoko nangoko kwaye liqhawule ngokuzenzekelayo umbane ngaphakathi kwexesha eliqingqiweyo lokukhusela.
2. Yintoni isakhiwo sesithinteli sokuvuza?
Impendulo: Isikhuselo sokuvuza sakhiwe ikakhulu ngamacandelo amathathu: into yokufumanisa, ikhonkco lokukhulisa eliphakathi, kunye ne-actuator esebenzayo. ①Into yokufumanisa. Iqulathe ii-transformers ze-zero-sequence, ezibona ukuvuza komsinga kwaye zithumele imiqondiso. ② yandisa ikhonkco. Yandisa isignali yokuvuza ebuthathaka kwaye wenze isikhuselo se-electromagnetic kunye nesikhuselo se-elektroniki ngokwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo (inxalenye yokukhulisa ingasebenzisa izixhobo zoomatshini okanye izixhobo ze-elektroniki). ③ umzimba olawulayo. Emva kokufumana isignali, iswitshi ephambili iyatshintshwa ukusuka kwindawo evaliweyo ukuya kwindawo evulekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kunqunyulwa umbane, oyinxalenye yokukhubeka kwesekethe ekhuselweyo ukuze ikhutshwe kwigridi yamandla.
3. Yintoni umgaqo osebenzayo wesithinteli sokuvuza?
impendulo:
①Xa izixhobo zombane zivuza, kukho izinto ezimbini ezingaqhelekanga:
Okokuqala, ibhalansi yomsinga wesigaba sesithathu iyatshatyalaliswa, kwaye kwenzeka umsinga we-zero-sequence;
Okwesibini kukuba kukho i-voltage emhlabeni kwi-casing yesinyithi engatshajwanga phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo (phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, i-casing yesinyithi kunye nomhlaba zombini azinamandla kangako).
②Umsebenzi we-transformer yangoku ye-zero-sequence. Isikhuseli sokuvuza sifumana isignali engaqhelekanga ngokubona i-transformer yangoku, eguqulwa kwaye idluliselwe ngendlela ephakathi ukuze yenze i-actuator isebenze, kwaye umbane uyasuswa ngesixhobo sokutshintsha. Ulwakhiwo lwe-transformer yangoku lufana nolwe-transformer, equlathe iikhoyili ezimbini ezigqunywe kwaye ziboshwe kumbindi omnye. Xa i-coil yokuqala inomsinga oshiyekileyo, i-coil yesibini iya kubangela umsinga.
③Umgaqo wokusebenza wesithinteli sokuvuza. Isithinteli sokuvuza sifakwa kumgca, ikhoyili ephambili iqhagamshelwe kumgca wegridi yamandla, kwaye ikhoyili yesibini iqhagamshelwe nokukhululwa kwisithinteli sokuvuza. Xa izixhobo zombane zisebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo, umbane kumgca ukwimeko yokulinganisela, kwaye isimbuku seevektha zangoku kwi-transformer yi-zero (umbane yivektha enecala, njengokuthi icala lokuphuma liyi-"+", icala lokubuya liyi-"-", kwi-. Imisinga eya phambili nangasemva kwi-transformer ilingana ngobukhulu nangokuchaseneyo kwicala, kwaye i-positive ne-negative ziyaphikisana). Ekubeni kungekho mbane oseleyo kwikhoyili yokuqala, ikhoyili yesibini ayizukubangelwa, kwaye isixhobo sokutshintsha somthinteli wokuvuza sisebenza kwimeko evaliweyo. Xa ukuvuza kwenzeka kwi-casing yesixhobo kwaye umntu eyichukumisa, i-shunt iveliswa kwindawo yempazamo. Lo mbane wokuvuza umi emzimbeni womntu, emhlabeni, kwaye ubuyela kwindawo engathathi cala ye-transformer (ngaphandle kwe-transformer yangoku), nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-transformer ingene kwaye iphume. Umbane awulingani (isimbuku seevekhtha zangoku asingo-zero), kwaye ikhoyili ephambili ivelisa umbane oseleyo. Ke ngoko, ikhoyili yesibini iya kubangelwa, kwaye xa ixabiso langoku lifikelela kwixabiso langoku lokusebenza elinqunyelwe ngumkhuseli wokuvuza, iswitshi ezenzekelayo iya kukhubeka kwaye umbane uya kunqunyulwa.

4. Ziziphi iiparameter zobugcisa eziphambili zomkhuseli wokuvuza?
Impendulo: Iiparameters eziphambili zokusebenza zezi: ukuvuza okulinganiselweyo komsinga wokusebenza, ixesha lokusebenza lokuvuza okulinganiselweyo, ukuvuza okulinganiselweyo komsinga ongasebenziyo. Ezinye iiparameter ziquka: i-power frequency, i-voltage elinganiselweyo, umsinga olinganiselweyo, njl.
①Umlinganiselo wamandla okuvuza Ixabiso lamandla okuvuza elisetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Umzekelo, kwi-30mA protector, xa ixabiso lamandla angenayo lifikelela kwi-30mA, i-protector iya kuthatha amanyathelo okuqhawula umbane.
②Ixesha lesenzo sokuvuza elilinganisiweyo libhekisa kwixesha elivela ekusetyenzisweni ngequbuliso komsinga wesenzo sokuvuza olinganisiweyo de kube kunqunyulwa isekethe yokukhusela. Umzekelo, kwisikhuselo se-30mA×0.1s, ixesha elivela kwixabiso langoku elifikelela kwi-30mA ukuya ekwahlulweni komnxibelelwano oyintloko alidluli kwi-0.1s.
③Umsinga ongasebenziyo ovuthuzayo phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo, ixabiso langoku lomkhuseli ovuthuzayo ongasebenziyo kufuneka likhethwe njengesiqingatha sexabiso langoku lokuvuza. Umzekelo, umkhuseli ovuthuzayo onomsinga ovuthuzayo we-30mA, xa ixabiso langoku lingaphantsi kwe-15mA, umkhuseli akufuneki asebenze, kungenjalo kulula ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yobuthathaka obuphezulu kakhulu, okuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo zombane.
④Ezinye iiparameter ezifana: i-frequency yamandla, i-voltage elinganisiweyo, i-current elinganisiweyo, njl.njl., xa ukhetha i-leaking protector, kufuneka ihambelane ne-circuit kunye nezixhobo zombane ezisetyenzisiweyo. I-voltage yokusebenza ye-leaking protector kufuneka ihambelane ne-voltage elinganisiweyo yoluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokuguquguquka kwegridi yamandla. Ukuba ukuguquguquka kukhulu kakhulu, kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-protector, ngakumbi kwiimveliso ze-elektroniki. Xa i-voltage yombane iphantsi kune-voltage yokusebenza elinganisiweyo ye-protector, iya kwala ukusebenza. I-current yokusebenza elinganisiweyo ye-leaking protector kufuneka ihambelane ne-current yokwenyani kwi-circuit. Ukuba i-current yokusebenza yokwenyani inkulu kune-current elinganisiweyo ye-protector, iya kubangela ukugqithiswa kakhulu kwaye ibangele ukuba i-protector ingasebenzi kakuhle.
5. Yintoni umsebenzi oyintloko wokukhusela wesithinteli sokuvuza?
Impendulo: Isithinteli sokuvuza ikakhulu sibonelela ngokhuseleko lokuthintana ngqo. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, singasetyenziswa njengokhuselo olongezelelweyo lokuthintana ngqo ukukhusela iingozi ezinokubangela ukufa ngenxa yokutshayiswa ngumbane.
6. Yintoni ukhuseleko lokunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokhuseleko lokunxibelelana ngokungathanga ngqo?
Impendulo: Xa umzimba womntu uchukumisa umzimba otshajiweyo kwaye kukho umbane odlula emzimbeni womntu, oku kubizwa ngokuba kukutshayiswa ngombane emzimbeni womntu. Ngokwesizathu sokutshayiswa ngombane emzimbeni womntu, kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube kukutshayiswa ngombane ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokutshayiswa ngombane ngokungathanga ngqo. Ukutshayiswa ngombane ngokuthe ngqo kubhekisa kukutshayiswa ngombane okubangelwa ngumzimba womntu ngokuthe ngqo emzimbeni otshajiweyo (njengokuchukumisa umgca wesigaba). Ukutshayiswa ngombane ngokungathanga ngqo kubhekisa kukutshayiswa ngombane okubangelwa ngumzimba womntu ochukumisa umqhubi wesinyithi ongatshajiswanga phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kodwa otshajiswa phantsi kweemeko zempazamo (njengokuchukumisa ikheyiji yesixhobo esivuzayo). Ngokwezizathu ezahlukeneyo zokutshayiswa ngombane, amanyathelo okuthintela ukutshayiswa ngombane nawo ahlulwe abe: ukhuseleko lokuqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokhuseleko lokuqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo. Ukhuseleko lokuqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo, amanyathelo anjengokugquma, isigqubuthelo sokukhusela, ucingo, kunye nomgama wokhuseleko ngokubanzi anokusetyenziswa; kukhuseleko lokuqhagamshelana ngokungathanga ngqo, amanyathelo anjengokumisa ngokhuseleko (ukudibanisa ku-zero), ukunqunyulwa kokhuseleko, kunye nesithinteli sokuvuza ngokubanzi anokusetyenziswa.
7. Yintoni ingozi xa umzimba womntu utshaywe ngumbane?
Impendulo: Xa umzimba womntu utshaywe ngumbane, kokukhona umbane ungena emzimbeni womntu, kokukhona umbane wesigaba uhlala ixesha elide, kokukhona uyingozi ngakumbi. Ubungakanani bomngcipheko bunokwahlulwahlulwa kathathu ngamanqanaba amathathu: ukuqonda – ukuphuma – i-ventricular fibrillation. ① Isigaba sokubona. Ngenxa yokuba umbane odlulayo umncinci kakhulu, umzimba womntu unokuwuva (ngokubanzi ungaphezulu kwe-0.5mA), kwaye awubeki monakalo emzimbeni womntu ngeli xesha; ② Lahla inqanaba. Libhekisa kwixabiso eliphezulu langoku (ngokubanzi lingaphezulu kwe-10mA) umntu anokulisusa xa i-electrode itshaywe ngumbane ngesandla. Nangona lo mbane uyingozi, unokuwususa ngokwawo, ngoko ke awuyongozi ibulalayo. Xa umbane unyuka uye kwinqanaba elithile, umntu otshaywe ngumbane uya kubamba umzimba otshaywe ngamandla ngenxa yokuxinana kwemisipha kunye nokuxinana, kwaye akanakukwazi ukuwususa ngokwakhe. ③ Isigaba se-ventricular fibrillation. Njengoko ixesha lombane lisanda kwaye ixesha elide lokubetha umbane (ngokubanzi lingaphezulu kwe-50mA kunye ne-1s), i-ventricular fibrillation iya kwenzeka, kwaye ukuba umbane awucinywanga ngoko nangoko, iya kukhokelela ekufeni. Kuyabonakala ukuba i-ventricular fibrillation yeyona nto iphambili yokufa ngenxa yombane. Ke ngoko, ukhuseleko lwabantu alusoloko lubangelwa yi-ventricular fibrillation, njengesiseko sokumisela iimpawu zokhuseleko zokubetha umbane.
8. Iyintoni ukhuseleko lwe-“30mA·s”?
Impendulo: Ngenani elikhulu lezilingo nezifundo zezilwanyana, kubonisiwe ukuba i-ventricular fibrillation ayinxulumananga nje kuphela nomsinga (I) odlula emzimbeni womntu, kodwa ikwanxulumene nexesha (t) apho umsinga uhlala khona emzimbeni womntu, oko kukuthi, ubungakanani bombane obukhuselekileyo Q=I × t ukumisela, ngokubanzi yi-50mA s. Oko kukuthi, xa umsinga ungekho ngaphezulu kwe-50mA kwaye ubude bawo bungaphakathi kwe-1s, i-ventricular fibrillation ngokubanzi ayifumaneki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ilawulwa ngokwe-50mA·s, xa ixesha lokuvula amandla lifutshane kakhulu kwaye umsinga odlulayo mkhulu (umzekelo, yi-500mA×0.1s), kusekho umngcipheko wokubangela i-ventricular fibrillation. Nangona ngaphantsi kwe-50mA·s kungayi kubangela ukufa ngenxa yombane, kuya kubangela nokuba umntu obanjwe ngumbane alahlekelwe yingqondo okanye abangele ingozi yokwenzakala okwesibini. I-practice ibonakalise ukuba ukusebenzisa i-30 mAs njengophawu lwesenzo sesixhobo sokukhusela ukutshayiswa kombane kufanelekile ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko ekusetyenzisweni nasekuvelisweni, kwaye inezinga lokhuseleko lamaxesha ali-1.67 xa kuthelekiswa ne-50 mAs (K=50/30 =1.67). Kuyabonakala kumda wokhuseleko we-“30mA·s” ukuba nokuba umbane ufikelela kwi-100mA, lo gama nje isikhuselo sokuvuza sisebenza ngaphakathi kwe-0.3s kwaye sinqumla umbane, umzimba womntu awuyi kubangela ingozi ebulalayo. Ke ngoko, umda we-30mA·s ukwaye waba sisiseko sokukhetha iimveliso zesikhuselo sokuvuza.

9. Zeziphi izixhobo zombane ekufuneka zifakelwe izinto zokukhusela ukuvuza?
Impendulo: Zonke izixhobo zombane kwindawo yokwakha kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza ekupheleni komgca womthwalo wezixhobo, ukongeza ekuqhagamshelweni ku-zero ukuze kukhuselwe:
① Zonke izixhobo zombane kwindawo yokwakha mazixhotyiswe ngezikhuseli zokuvuza. Ngenxa yolwakhiwo oluvulekileyo, indawo enomswakama, ukutshintsha kwabasebenzi, kunye nolawulo olubuthathaka lwezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kombane kuyingozi, kwaye zonke izixhobo zombane kufuneka zibandakanye izixhobo zombane kunye nokukhanyisa, izixhobo ezihambayo nezizinzileyo, njl. Ngokuqinisekileyo azibandakanyi izixhobo ezisebenza ngevolthi ekhuselekileyo kunye neetransformer zokwahlukanisa.
②Amanyathelo okuqala okukhusela umbane (umhlaba) akakatshintshi njengoko kufuneka, nto leyo eyiyo eyona ndlela isisiseko yokusetyenziswa kombane ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ayinakususwa.
③Isithinteli sokuvuza sifakwe entlokweni yomgca womthwalo wezixhobo zombane. Injongo yoku kukukhusela izixhobo zombane ngelixa kukwakhusela imigca yomthwalo ukuthintela iingozi zomothuko wombane ezibangelwa kukonakala kokufakwa kwe-insulation yentambo.
10. Kutheni kufakwa isithinteli sokuvuza emva kokuba isithintelo siqhagamshelwe kumgca ongu-zero (grounding)?
Impendulo: Nokuba ukhuselo luqhagamshelwe ku-zero okanye kumlinganiselo wokumisa umhlaba, uluhlu lwalo lokhuseleko lulinganiselwe. Umzekelo, "unxibelelwano lwe-zero lokhuseleko" kukudibanisa i-casing yesinyithi yezixhobo zombane kumgca we-zero wegridi yamandla, kwaye ufake i-fuse kwicala lonikezelo lwamandla. Xa izixhobo zombane zichukumisa i-shell fault (isigaba sichukumisa i-shell), kwenziwa i-short circuit yesigaba esinye yomgca we-zero ohambelanayo. Ngenxa yamandla amakhulu e-short-circuit, i-fuse iyavuthuzwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye umbane uyacinywa ukuze kukhuselwe. Umgaqo wayo osebenzayo kukutshintsha "i-shell fault" ibe "yi-short-circuit fault yesigaba esinye", ukuze kufunyanwe i-short-circuit cut-off insurance enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, iimpazamo zombane kwindawo yokwakha azixhaphakanga, kwaye iimpazamo zokuvuza zihlala zenzeka, njengokuvuza okubangelwa kukufuma kwezixhobo, umthwalo ogqithisileyo, imigca emide, ukufakelwa kokuguga, njl. La maxabiso e-leaking current amancinci, kwaye i-inshurensi ayinakunqunyulwa ngokukhawuleza. Ke ngoko, ukusilela akuyi kususwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye kuya kubakho ixesha elide. Kodwa lo msinga wokuvuza ubeka umngcipheko omkhulu kukhuseleko lomntu. Kungoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukufaka isithinteli sokuvuza esinokuvakala kakhulu ukuze kukhuselwe okongezelelweyo.
11. Ziziphi iintlobo zezixhobo zokukhusela ukuvuza?
Impendulo: Isithinteli sokuvuza sihlulwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze sihlangabezane nokukhethwa kokusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, ngokwendlela yokusebenza, singahlulwahlulwa sibe luhlobo lwesenzo se-voltage kunye nohlobo lwesenzo sangoku; ngokwendlela yokusebenza, kukho uhlobo lokutshintsha kunye nohlobo lokudlulisela; ngokwenani leepali kunye nemigca, kukho i-single-pole two-wire, two-pole, two-pole three-wire, njalo njalo. Ezi zilandelayo zihlulwe ngokwendlela yokusebenza kunye nexesha lesenzo: ①Ngokwendlela yokusebenza, singahlulwa sibe: Uvakalelo oluphezulu: umsinga wokuvuza ungaphantsi kwe-30mA; Uvakalelo oluphakathi: 30~1000mA; Uvakalelo oluphantsi: ngaphezulu kwe-1000mA. ②Ngokwexesha lokusebenza, singahlulwa sibe: uhlobo olukhawulezayo: ixesha lesenzo sokuvuza lingaphantsi kwe-0.1s; uhlobo lokulibaziseka: ixesha lesenzo likhulu kune-0.1s, phakathi kwe-0.1-2s; uhlobo lwexesha elichaseneyo: njengoko umsinga wokuvuza usanda, ixesha lesenzo sokuvuza liyancipha. Xa kusetyenziswa umsinga wokusebenza ovuthuzayo olinganisiweyo, ixesha lokusebenza liyi-0.2 ~ 1s; xa umsinga wokusebenza uphindwe kayi-1.4 kumsinga wokusebenza, liyi-0.1, 0.5s; xa umsinga wokusebenza uphindwe kayi-4.4 kumsinga wokusebenza, lingaphantsi kwe-0.05s.
12. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezikhuseli zokuvuza ze-elektroniki kunye nezikhusela ukuvuza ze-electromagnetic?
Impendulo: Isikhuselo sokuvuza sahlulwe sahlulwe saziintlobo ezimbini: uhlobo lwe-elektroniki kunye nohlobo lwe-electromagnetic ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhubeka: ①Isikhuselo sokuvuza sohlobo lwe-electromagnetic tripping, kunye nesixhobo sokukhubeka sohlobo lwe-electromagnetic njengesixhobo esiphakathi, xa kwenzeka umsinga wokuvuza, indlela iyakhubeka kwaye umbane uyakhubeka. Iingxaki zale sikhuselo zezi: iindleko eziphezulu kunye neemfuno zenkqubo yokuvelisa enzima. Iingenelo zezi: izixhobo ze-electromagnetic zinamandla okuchasana nokuphazamiseka kunye noxinzelelo (ukukhubeka kombane ogqithisileyo kunye noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo); akukho mbane oncedisayo ofunekayo; iimpawu zokuvuza emva kokusilela kwe-zero voltage kunye nesigaba azitshintshi. ②Isikhuselo sokuvuza se-elektroniki sisebenzisa i-transistor amplifier njengesixhobo esiphakathi. Xa ukuvuza kwenzeka, kuyandiswa yi-amplifier kwaye emva koko kudluliselwe kwi-relay, kwaye i-relay ilawula iswitshi yokuqhawula umbane. Iingenelo zale sikhuselo zezi: uvakalelo oluphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5mA); impazamo encinci yokuseta, inkqubo elula yokuvelisa kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Iingxaki zezi: i-transistor inamandla obuthathaka okumelana nokukhubeka kwaye inokumelana okuncinci nokuphazamiseka kwendalo; Ifuna umbane osebenzayo oncedisayo (ii-amplifier ze-elektroniki zihlala zifuna umbane we-DC ongaphezulu kwe-volts ezilishumi), ukuze iimpawu zokuvuza zichaphazeleke kukuguquguquka kwevolthi yokusebenza; xa isekethe ephambili ingasebenzi, ukhuseleko lomkhuseli luya kulahleka.
13. Zithini imisebenzi yokukhusela ye-leaker circuit breaker?
Impendulo: Isithinteli sokuvuza ikakhulu sisixhobo esikhusela xa izixhobo zombane zinempazamo yokuvuza. Xa kufakwa isithinteli sokuvuza, kufuneka kufakwe isixhobo esongezelelweyo sokukhusela i-overcurrent. Xa kusetyenziswa i-fuse njengokhuseleko lwe-short-circuit, ukukhethwa kweenkcukacha zayo kufuneka kuhambelane nokukwazi kokukhusela ukuvuza. Okwangoku, i-leaking circuit breaker edibanisa isixhobo sokukhusela ukuvuza kunye neswitshi yamandla (i-automatic air circuit breaker) isetyenziswa kakhulu. Olu hlobo lutsha lweswitshi yamandla lunemisebenzi yokukhusela i-short circuit, ukhuseleko lokugqithisa, ukhuseleko lokukhupha kunye nokhuseleko lokungasebenzi kwamandla. Ngexesha lokufakwa, iingcingo zenziwa lula, umthamo webhokisi yombane uyancitshiswa kwaye ulawulo lulula. Intsingiselo yemodeli yegama le-residual current current breaker yile ilandelayo: Nika ingqalelo xa uyisebenzisa, kuba i-residual current current breaker ineempawu ezininzi zokukhusela, xa kwenzeka uhambo, unobangela wempazamo kufuneka uchongwe ngokucacileyo: Xa i-residual current current breaker iphukile ngenxa ye-short circuit, isigqubuthelo kufuneka sivulwe ukujonga ukuba ngaba oonxibelelwano bakhona. Kukho ukutsha okukhulu okanye imingxunya; xa i-circuit ikhubeka ngenxa yokugqithisa, ayinakuvalwa kwakhona ngoko nangoko. Ekubeni i-circuit breaker ixhotyiswe nge-thermal relay njengokhuselo lokugqithisa, xa i-rate current inkulu kune-rate current, i-bimetallic sheet iyagotywa ukuze yahlule i-contacts, kwaye i-contacts zingavalwa kwakhona emva kokuba i-bimetallic sheet ipholisiwe ngokwendalo kwaye ibuyiselwe kwimeko yayo yokuqala. Xa uhambo lubangelwa yimpazamo yokuvuza, unobangela kufuneka ufunyanwe kwaye impazamo isuswe ngaphambi kokuba ivalwe. Ukuvalwa ngenkani akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Xa i-leaking circuit breaker yaphuka kwaye iwa, isiphatho esifana ne-L sikwindawo ephakathi. Xa sivalwa kwakhona, isiphatho sokusebenza kufuneka sitsalwe phantsi (indawo yokuwa) kuqala, ukuze indlela yokusebenza ivalwe kwakhona, ize ivalwe phezulu. I-leaking circuit breaker ingasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha izixhobo ezinomthamo omkhulu (ongaphezulu kwe-4.5kw) ezingasetyenziswa rhoqo kwiintambo zombane.
14. Ungayikhetha njani into yokukhusela ukuvuza?
Impendulo: Ukukhetha isithinteli sokuvuza kufuneka kukhethwe ngokwenjongo yokusetyenziswa kunye neemeko zokusebenza:
Khetha ngokwenjongo yokukhusela:
①Ngenjongo yokuthintela ukubetheka kombane komntu. Ifakwe ekupheleni komgca, khetha isikhuseli sokuvuza esinobuthathaka obuphezulu nesikhawulezayo.
②Kwimigca yamasebe esetyenziswa kunye nezixhobo ezisekelwe phantsi ngenjongo yokuthintela ukubetheka kombane, sebenzisa izikhuseli zokuvuza ezikhawulezayo nezinovakalelo oluphakathi.
③ Kwi-trunk line ngenjongo yokuthintela umlilo obangelwa kukuvuza kunye nokukhusela imigca kunye nezixhobo, kufuneka kukhethwe izikhuseli zokuvuza ezinobuthathaka obuphakathi kunye nokulibaziseka kwexesha.
Khetha ngokwendlela yokubonelela ngombane:
① Xa ukhusela imigca yesigaba esinye (izixhobo), sebenzisa izikhuseli zokuvuza ezineepali ezimbini okanye ezineepali ezimbini.
② Xa ukhusela imigca yezigaba ezintathu (izixhobo), sebenzisa iimveliso zemiqolo emithathu.
③ Xa kukho zombini iipaseji ezintathu kunye nephaseji enye, sebenzisa iimveliso zepaseji ezine ezineepaseji ezintathu okanye ezineepaseji ezine. Xa ukhetha inani leepaseji zomkhuseli wokuvuza, kufuneka zihambelane nenani lemigca yomgca oza kukhuselwa. Inani leepaseji zomkhuseli libhekisa kwinani leepaseji ezinokuqhawulwa ziziqhagamshelo zangaphakathi zokutshintsha, ezifana nomkhuseli weepaseji ezintathu, oko kuthetha ukuba iziqhagamshelo zokutshintsha zinokuqhawula iingcingo ezintathu. Iziqhagamshelo zepaseji enye ezineepaseji ezimbini, ezineepaseji ezimbini kunye neepaseji ezintathu zonke zinentambo engathathi cala edlula ngokuthe ngqo kwinto yokufumanisa ukuvuza ngaphandle kokuqhawulwa. Umgca we-zero osebenzayo, le terminal ayivumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuqhagamshela nomgca we-PE. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umkhuseli wokuvuza weepaseji ezintathu akufuneki usetyenziswe kwizixhobo zombane zepaseji enye ezineepaseji ezimbini (okanye ezineepaseji ezintathu). Akufanelekanga ukusebenzisa umkhuseli wokuvuza weepaseji ezine kwizixhobo zombane zepaseji ezintathu ezineepaseji ezintathu. Akuvumelekanga ukutshintsha umkhuseli wokuvuza weepaseji ezintathu ezineepaseji ezintathu ngesiqhagamshelo sokuvuza weepaseji ezintathu esineepaseji ezintathu.
15. Ngokweemfuno zokusasazwa kwamandla ngokwemigangatho, zingaphi iisetingi ekufuneka ibhokisi yombane ibe nazo?
Impendulo: Indawo yokwakha ngokubanzi isasazwa ngokwemigangatho emithathu, ngoko ke iibhokisi zombane nazo kufuneka zibekwe ngokwendlela ezihlelwe ngayo, oko kukuthi, phantsi kwebhokisi ephambili yokusasazwa, kukho ibhokisi yokusasazwa, kwaye ibhokisi yokutshintsha ibekwe ngaphantsi kwebhokisi yokusasazwa, kwaye izixhobo zombane zingaphantsi kwebhokisi yokutshintsha. . Ibhokisi yokusasazwa likhonkco eliphambili lokuhambisa umbane kunye nokusasazwa phakathi komthombo wamandla kunye nezixhobo zombane kwinkqubo yokusasazwa. Sisixhobo sombane esisetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukusasazwa kombane. Onke amanqanaba okusasazwa enziwa ngebhokisi yokusasazwa. Ibhokisi ephambili yokusasazwa ilawula ukusasazwa kwenkqubo yonke, kwaye ibhokisi yokusasazwa ilawula ukusasazwa kwesebe ngalinye. Ibhokisi yokutshintsha sisiphelo senkqubo yokusasazwa kombane, kwaye ezantsi kukho izixhobo zombane. Izixhobo zombane nganye zilawulwa yibhokisi yayo yokutshintsha ezinikeleyo, isebenzisa umatshini omnye kunye nesango elinye. Musa ukusebenzisa ibhokisi enye yokutshintsha kwizixhobo ezininzi ukuthintela iingozi zokusebenza kakubi; kwaye musa ukudibanisa ulawulo lwamandla kunye nokukhanya kwibhokisi enye yokutshintsha ukuthintela ukukhanya ukuba kungachaphazeleki kukusilela kwemigca yombane. Inxalenye ephezulu yebhokisi yokutshintsha iqhagamshelwe kumbane kwaye inxalenye esezantsi iqhagamshelwe kwizixhobo zombane, ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye ziyingozi, kwaye kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zombane kwibhokisi yombane kufuneka kulungiselelwe isekethe kunye nezixhobo zombane. Ukufakelwa kwebhokisi yombane kuthe nkqo kwaye kuqinile, kwaye kukho indawo yokusebenza ejikeleze yona. Akukho manzi amileyo okanye amanzi amdaka emhlabeni, kwaye akukho mthombo wobushushu kunye nokungcangcazela kufutshane. Ibhokisi yombane kufuneka ingangeni emvuleni kwaye ingangeni eluthulini. Ibhokisi yokutshintsha akufuneki ibe ngaphezulu kwe-3m ukusuka kwizixhobo ezizinzileyo eziza kulawulwa.
16. Kutheni kufuneka usebenzise ukhuseleko olulinganisiweyo?
Impendulo: Ngenxa yokuba umbane ophantsi kunye nosasazo ngokubanzi kusebenzisa usasazo lwamandla olunemigangatho. Ukuba isithinteli sokuvuza sifakwa kuphela ekupheleni komgca (kwibhokisi yokutshintsha), nangona umgca wempazamo ungasuswa xa kuvuza, uluhlu lokhuseleko luncinci; ngokufanayo, ukuba kuphela umgca we-trunk yesebe (kwibhokisi yokusasaza) okanye umgca we-trunk (ibhokisi yokusasaza ephambili) ifakiwe. Faka isithinteli sokuvuza, nangona uluhlu lokhuseleko lukhulu, ukuba izixhobo ezithile zombane ziyavuza kwaye ziyawa, kuya kubangela ukuba yonke inkqubo ilahlekelwe ngumbane, nto leyo engachaphazeli kuphela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo ezingenampazamo, kodwa ikwabangela ukuba kube nzima ukufumana ingozi. Ngokucacileyo, ezi ndlela zokukhusela azanelanga. Ke ngoko, iimfuno ezahlukeneyo ezifana nomgca kunye nomthwalo kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe, kwaye abakhuseli abaneempawu ezahlukeneyo zesenzo sokuvuza kufuneka bafakwe kumgca ophambili we-voltage ephantsi, umgca wesebe kunye nesiphelo somgca ukuze benze inethiwekhi yokukhusela ukuvuza eneemigangatho. Kwimeko yokhuseleko olunemigangatho, uluhlu lokhuseleko olukhethiweyo kuwo onke amanqanaba kufuneka basebenzisane ukuqinisekisa ukuba isithinteli sokuvuza asiyi kudlula isenzo xa kwenzeka ingozi yokuvuza okanye ingozi yombane yomntu ekugqibeleni; kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka ukuba xa isikhuselo esisezantsi sisilela, isikhuselo esikumgangatho ophezulu siza kusebenza ukulungisa isikhuselo esisezantsi. Ukungaphumeleli ngengozi. Ukuphunyezwa kokhuseleko olunemigangatho kwenza isixhobo ngasinye sombane sibe namanqanaba angaphezu kwamabili okukhusela ukuvuza, okungadali nje kuphela iimeko zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo zezixhobo zombane ekupheleni kwayo yonke imigca yegridi yamandla aphantsi, kodwa ikwabonelela ngonxibelelwano oluninzi oluthe ngqo nolungathanga ngqo lokhuseleko lomntu. Ngaphezu koko, kunokunciphisa umda wokucima kombane xa kwenzeka impazamo, kwaye kulula ukufumana nokufumana indawo yempazamo, enefuthe elihle ekuphuculeni umgangatho wokusetyenziswa kombane okukhuselekileyo, ukunciphisa iingozi zombane, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza.